20 Quotes on Writing From Famous Authors

What is writing? Ask 20 writers and youll get 20 different answers. But on one point, most seem to agree: writing is hard work. Richard Peck ï » ¿Writing is communication, not self-expression. Nobody in this world wants to read your diary except your mother. Toni Cade Bambara Writing has been for a long time my major tool for self-instruction and self-development. William Stafford I dont see writing as communication of something already discovered, as truths already known. Rather, I see writing as a job of experiment. Its like any discovery job; you dont know whats going to happen until you try it. Sherley Anne Williams I think writing is really a process of communication... Its the sense of being in contact with people who are part of a particular audience that really makes a difference to me in writing. Ursula K. LeGuin Writing makes no noise, except groans, and it can be done everywhere, and it is done alone. Robert Heinlein Writing is not necessarily something to be ashamed of, but do it in private and wash your hands afterwards. Franz Kafka Writing is utter solitude, the descent into the cold abyss of oneself. Carlos Fuentes Writing is a struggle against silence. David Sedaris Writing gives you the illusion of control, and then you realize its just an illusion, that people are going to bring their own stuff into it. Henry Miller Writing is its own reward. Molià ¨re Writing is like prostitution. First you do it for love, and then for a few close friends, and then for money.† J. P. Donleavy Writing is turning ones worst moments into money. Doris Lessing Ive always disliked words like inspiration. Writing is probably like a scientist thinking about some scientific problem or an engineer about an engineering problem. Sinclair Lewis Writing is just work—theres no secret. If you dictate or use a pen or type or write with your toes—its still just work. Suze Orman Writing is hard work, not magic. It begins with deciding why you are writing and whom you are writing for. What is your intent? What do you want the reader to get out of it? What do you want to get out of it. Its also about making a serious time commitment and getting the project done. Gabriel Garcia Marquez Writing is [like] making a table. With both you are working with reality, a material just as hard as wood. Both are full of tricks and techniques. Basically very little magic and a lot of hard work are involved... What is a privilege, however, is to do a job to your satisfaction. Harlan Ellison People on the outside think theres something magical about writing, that you go up in the attic at midnight and cast the bones and come down in the morning with a story, but it isnt like that. You sit in back of the typewriter and you work, and thats all there is to it. Catherine Drinker Bowen Writing, I think, is not apart from living. Writing is a kind of double living. The writer experiences everything twice. Once in reality and once in that mirror which waits always before or behind. E.L. Doctorow Writing is a socially acceptable form of schizophrenia. Jules Renard Writing is the only way to talk without being interrupted.

Disadvantages Of Distance Education - 3790 Words

1. Introduction Distance education (e.g., online course programs, e-learning programs), have presented challenges for both students and instructors, leading to extensive research on the tenets of what constitutes quality learning in the differing virtual settings (Boling, Hough, Krinsky, Saleem, Stevens, 2012; Oncu, Cakir, 2011). Preference of online learning has become the norm for over 25% of students who enroll in an online course at some point during the completion of an undergraduate, graduate or postsecondary level degree (Young, Bruce, 2011; Elaine Allen, Seaman, 2007). Data gathered by the U.S. Department of Education s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) on Distance Education enrollment from 2012-2014†¦show more content†¦Instructors gravitate towards systematized teaching approaches online in an effort to reduce confusion and increase course completion (Jimoyiannis, 2012). However little research has shown a direct link between course comple tion and structured organization of course content (Mayadas, Bourne, Bacsich, 2009). Studies over the past decade instead suggest bridging traditional face-to-face (F2F) classroom norms in an online setting by building community in an effort to infuse proponents of social learning (Young, Bruce, 2011; Cheung, Liu, Lee, 2015; Garrison, Cleveland-Innes, Fung, 2010). Researchers have argued that what motivates students to acquire new knowledge are interpersonal interactions within a classroom environment (Castillo-Merino, Serradell-Lopez, 2014; Yu, Tian, Vogel, Chi-Wai Kwok, 2010). Findings have indicated that students desire for elements of personal agency have not changed (Castillo-Merino, Serradell-Lopez, 2014; Kuo, Walker, Schroder, Belland, 2014). Zhan, Mei (2013) connected student satisfaction with interpersonal elements of online learning environments, indicating that students preferred online course options which incorporated social elements. Additional studies exploring academic outcomes and increased presence of instructors and student discussions have found that students’ motivation have been impacted by the level of interaction experienced by the student (Robinson, 2011; Harmon,Show MoreRelatedDistance Education Disadvantages1377 Words   |  6 Pagesskin. Distance education can provide people with a way to earn an education if they are on a budget. Distance education, according to â€Å"http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/SocialSciences/ppecorino/China-QCC-DE/Advantages-Disadvantages-DE.html† â€Å"Allows for the internationalization of learning opportunities† â€Å"Centralized resources can produce higher quality materials for distribution† â€Å"has the potential to equalize access to education† they conducted a survey on how the students are engaged in distance educationalRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Distance Education Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagespossible distance education. Distance education entails imparting of education where the students do not need to be present in an actual class room or lecture theatre but can be connected to their teachers via the internet. This kind of a scenario where the teacher and the student are not necessarily present in the same room but are connected to each other virtually while actually being present in geographically different places is known as distance learning or distance education. Distance educationRead MoreEssay on ICT and Education1216 Words   |  5 PagesICT has a huge range of functions in education such as; communication, learning tools, administration, information sources and distance learning. ICT has therefore had quite an impact on education; for instance, the National Curriculum demands children be taught to use computers early on so as they progress into secondary, further and higher education, they are then adept in utilising applications software. Consequently, ICT is used in virtually all of the subjects that the students are taught, whetherRead MoreOnline Learning Vs. Online Education1372 Words   |  6 PagesOnline education is growing in popularity as more colleges and universities offer alternative enrollment programs. While there may be advantages and disadvantages of online learning. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages, especially for those who may face obstacles in pursuing a college education. Online education can be an alternat ive means to classroom instruction. Online instruction allows students to have a flexible schedule while taking college courses. Moreover, flexibility and convenienceRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Online Education1304 Words   |  6 PagesHigher education has been adapting distance education with the same enthusiasm as traditional education in today’s higher learning intuitions. Online education has its advantages and disadvantages. In this paper we are going to explore the advantages and disadvantages and explain ultimately what type of student is best for distant learning based on their own goals and study habits. We can trace distance education origins to mid-19th century Europe. By using the postal system, the architect of distanceRead MoreDisadvantages Of Distance Learning825 Words   |  4 Pagesdisagree, distance learning offers the opportunity to manage life’s daily task and at the same time earn a college education. In Global shapers latest survey of 25,000 young people from across the world, 77.84% reported having taken distance learning courses and 47.79% reported they would continue distance learning courses for certification of other skills needed. Distance learning in college should allow for flexibility, easy methods, and provides benefits to alternative learning. Distance learningRead MoreThe Distance Learning Program Is Not A New Instructional As It Has Really Been Since The 1700s?1746 Words   |  7 PagesDistance-learning program is not a new instructional as it has really been since the 1700s. However, traditional education styles that the teacher standing in front of a classroom is still the mainstream of education at the present. Distance learning has a satisfied and limits faced by teacher but it focuses on student’s requirements and have to use computer and Internet to communicate between learner and teacher. In term of traditional education are related with experience teaching for example,Read MoreExploring The Role Of A Learning Management System Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesrole of Learning Management Systems. It will also consider both the advantages and disadvantages to employing an LMS in distance learning. Exploring the Role of a Learning Management System According to Maxwell (1995) distance learning is defined as a student-centered learning methodology that eradicates all obstacles to access while providing a high degree of learner independence. Distance education refers to a style of supplying a course of study in which the preponderance of interactionRead MoreDistance Education Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesDistance education has changed and grown a lot from external studies and correspondence education during the last century. Distance education has become a recognized phenomenon today, thanks to technology which has shortened the physical distances. DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION The evolution of Distance education could be divided in four periods. The first period was from 1850 to 1960, this generation used correspondence classes which used radio and instructional television. The secondRead MoreDistance Learning Or Traditional Classroom?1609 Words   |  7 PagesLisa Byrne ENG: 1510 Date: 10/15/2017 Distance learning or traditional classroom? Every one dreams to get a Harvard education but only a selected few will reach the traditional class room style enrollment. But the dream remains a dream for many and the only way to get the Harvard or MIT education to everyone is distance education. If not Harvard even mass education of the society is not easy and the distance education is the only way to do that. Distance education is getting more popular in current

Effects Of Counterfeit Product On The Economy Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2554 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The economy refers to the resources and wealth of country or state. The term is commonly used in the production and usage of goods and services. The country depends on the production and consumption of goods as well services to determine their economy strength (Chaudhry Zimmerman, 2009). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effects Of Counterfeit Product On The Economy Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The higher the production and usage of products manufactured in the country, the higher the rate of economy growth. It is crucial to note the imports and exports are major boost of the economy when done in the right way. Imports are the goods and services, which coming into a country from another country (Avery, 2008). The exports are the goods and services, which are taken out of a country to another country. Basically, the government is directly engaged in importing and exporting of goods and services. This is done to balance the amount of imports and exports to balance on the countrys economy (Chaudhry Zimmerman, 2009). The presence of unbalanced imports ad export significantly affects the economy. Smuggling of goods and services refers to the uncontrolled import and export of goods and services in a country. People are privately involved in import and export. Some of the questions that this paper will answer include what are the common counterfeit goods? Why do people sell counterfeit goods? What is the government doing to curb smuggling and counterfeit good? What are the results of smuggling goods in various countries? This research will try to investigate the effects of counterfeit and smuggled products in the economy of a country. It will also investigate some counterfeit goods and compare them with the original products. Literature Review: Smuggling activities by individual people deny the government of its revenues, which it charges on products and services leaving and entering the country (Avery, 2008). Since there is no control of imports and exports, more goods are mugged into the country then sold at a cheaper price to promote private gains. The smuggled goods are counterfeit or take the likeness of the produced products in the country. Products usually are charged some fee for certification of sale; however, counterfeit goods are charged any fee, which depletes the government of its resources. Smuggling of goods and services is a crime and punishable by the law. Usually, people try to take chances to benefit by maximizing on their profits. The presence of large amount of imports lowers the economy of a country due to the decreased consumption of local products (Avery, 2008). Therefore, the local products find no market locally and in the export market. The production of the country is decreased because the industries are producing, products, which can be found cheaply from imported goods. The rate at which goods are smuggled into the country lowers the price of the original products, which are produced by the local industries. The lowering of the price causes the industries to experience large losses (OECD, 2007). This can make unable to operate or even close down. On the other hand, export of goods through smuggling also deprives the government of its revenues charges. This decreases the revenue of the country and thus, the country is unable to fund its projects and even carrying out its administrative rights (Avery, 2008). This causes the economy to decrease to very low levels. According to the bureau of counterfeit intelligence in the world, counterfeit goods have become very rampant in the current world. This is because they make up over five percent of the trade in the world (OECD, 2007). The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) asserts that about six hundred billion dollars is lost through counterfeit goods. It adds that some goods are counterfeited and peddled within the same state (OECD, 2007). This has significantly increased the rate of counterfeit goods. The counterfeit goods have a wide range; it includes small consumer goods and large consumer goods such as motorcycles and cars. Some of the small computer g oods include purses, movies, software, watches, computer hardware parts and drugs. According to OECD, counterfeit goods have grown substantially due to the transfer of manufacturing companies to the overseas and the high growth of internet market. The desire of customers to seek out items of lower cost is another cause of the growth of counterfeit goods (OECD, 2007). The United States of America is the worst hit despite being the largest consumer nation in the world. The criterion that counterfeit dealers use to trick their consumers is by using a quality trademark reputation from brand manufacturers. The trademarks used by the counterfeits are from brand manufacturers who have struggled to build for the purpose of their quality products (OECD, 2007). This trademark convinces the consumers that the goods are of best quality. The major factor that has contributed to counterfeit goods is the shift of manufacturers to countries, which have weak protection of property (Avery, 2008). These countries provide the opportunity and technology to peddle counterfeit goods both internally and internationally. According to the recent counterfeit studies, China is the world biggest source of counterfeit goods. Most products being sold internally and in the internet market have been found to be pirated in China (OECD, 2007). Due to the advanced growth of technology and use of computers, there have been high software piracies. China is also ranked first in software piracy. Software piracy has worse repercussions not only on the national economy but also on the global economy. The counterfeit goods market, which is also known as the black market, is bringing much stress to businesses that have their trademarks used in this illegal business. The business puts their resources and struggle in creating a quality trademark, but eventually the counterfeiters take it and use it to sell their pirated goods. The hurting bit is that the counterfeiters use the quality trademark and sell the pirated products at lower prices (Avery, 2008). This makes the quality products from the original manufacturers lack market because they have a high price than the pirated products. This is a major loss for the manufacturers of registered products because they lose market. Businesses are making great efforts to eliminate the counterfeit imposters. The high number of lawsuits from the companies against distributors and manufacturers of counterfeits shows these greats efforts (Yager, 2011). The Chamber of Commerce of the USA states that counterfeit goods are produced in violation of human rights and child laws. This is because they benefit the drug cartels, people smugglers, street gangs and terrorist groups. This shows that market of counterfeit goods affects job, national and international securities negatively (OECD, 2007). This is observed from the groups that are involved in selling counterfeits; they are great threats to the nation and the world as a whole. In this connection, the companies and the government are working hard to design ways of curbing counterfeit activities. On the side of the government, it faces serious threats from its military, health and government corporations. The military using counterfeit equipment is at high security risk. For instance, the USA Senate Committee submitted a report that the military are using counterfeit electronics, which includes surveillance planes and operation helicopters. This puts the military troops at risk of atta ck (Avery, 2008). On the other hand, health is also affected by counterfeit goods such as food, medicines and cigarettes. It has been observed that counterfeit cigarettes contain harmful substances such as asbestos, human excrement, dead files and mold (Avery, 2008). In addition, the foods sold through the black market have been found to contain dangerous chemicals such as melamine in milk. According to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported that the melamine makes milk seem of have high content of protein, however, it has caused more than one thousand children to be hospitalized and some have died (Yager, 2011). Counterfeit food products is very risky in health issues because not all foods being sold are tested by the regulatory bodies. This makes eating of these foods a health hazard because of the chemicals used in the manufacture and packaging. On the other hand, pharmaceutical medicines are also in the counterfeit medicine. The sale of counterfeit medicine has adverse health and economic eff ects to the individuals taking them and the corporations involved in medicine manufacture and distribution. Research Question: What are the measures and methods available in curbing counterfeit goods and market? Significance of study: The knowledge of measures and methods of preventing counterfeit is very significant to the economy, not only the states economy but also the global economy. This is because the counterfeit market is a multibillion problem that can affect what people watch, eat, wear and the medicine people take. This shows that counterfeit goods are everywhere and is responsible for fake goods and organized transnational crimes. The earlier this fake business is controlled the safer the world. This is because it is a global business, which affects most of the worlds industries such as, software, health, media and music, security and the manufacturing industries (Yager, 2011). According to Avery (2008), some of the world governments have installed some measures to curb counterfeit business. These measures include threaten people who buy counterfeit goods with imprisonment and big fines. The governments are also making treaties aiming eradication of counterfeit and piracy (Avery, 2008). Other measures include creating bodies that will obtain better information and tips of detecting fake goods. On the other side, the companies are developing new ways of branding their products to prevent imposters. Some of these ways include use of special inks, watermarks and Radio- Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. RFID technology involves tagging the product crates with chips, which are used to send authentication signals. In addition, the newest and the most authentic method is the one involving integrating the original products with special genetic tags, which their DNA is read to ensure it is not fake (Avery, 2008). This study aims at enlightening the people on the effects of counterfeit goods on their bodies. It also involves providing methods to identify fake goods, which can cause problems in the body. By understanding the methods used in detecting counterfeits, it promotes significantly the field of criminal justice. The parties involved in counterfeit market can be easily identified and prosecuted according to the law. The society will benefit in various ways such as knowledge of detecting fake goods, knowledge of the effects of the counterfeit goods and the economy will grow substantially. The decrease and eradication of counterfeit goods and piracy will improve sectors of economy such as employment, manufacturing and health. Methodology: In this section, it will involve the methods of data gathering to be used in this research study. As stated earlier, the research question is; what are the measures and methods available in curbing counterfeit goods and market? The methods to be used will collect the measures and methods that people and government regulatory body officials use in identifying fake products. The methods include use of questionnaire and interviews. The questionnaires will used to collect data from the regulatory officials, while interviews will be used to common people who purchase the consumer products. Questionnaire will be used in this study because they are cost effective and easy data analysis. Questionnaires are cheap as compared to interviews especially face-to-face interviews. Entry of data and tabulation can be easily prepared even using packages of computer software. In addition, questionnaires are familiar to many people, reduce bias and less disturbing than telephone or interview. People fill in the questionnaires according to their understanding and not the researchers opinion hence reducing biasness. On the hand questionnaires can be completed at own time schedule and this reduces interruptions from ones work. Questionnaires, however, have limitations such as people unwilling to answer the questions, untruthfulness, rigidity where they give no room for explanation and open-ended questionnaire may contain large data amount, which takes long time to analyze. On the other hand, interview is preferred because several reasons such as asking detailed questions, high response rat and ambiguities can be clarified easily. The limitations of interviews include time consuming, costly and interviewers ask questions differently, which can affect the responses The data collection will be done in fourteen days so that the people filling the questionnaires will have sufficient time to complete. This will enhance reliable responses from the clients. The people to be interviewed will be questioned for about thirty minutes on how they detect fake consumer goods and if they know any other methods, the government is using to prevent counterfeit goods. Sampling method: In this study, the middle aged people in supermarkets, employee of various manufacturing companies and government regulatory body officials especially the Food and Administration (FDA) officials. The sample group will consist of twenty regulatory body officials, who will receive the questionnaires through email. There will be about fifty people to be interviewed. This sample group is a probability sample. Probability sample involves use of random selection of participants in a certain study. This type of sampling is useful in this study because it enhances each participant in this study to have equal chances of participation. This type of sampling ensures that the population of study is well represented. This shows that the data collected from the sample group will represent the whole population of the study. The probability sampling is the best method to use due to various reasons. One of the reasons includes representativeness and fairness. This is because each person has an equal chance of being selected and everyone feels represented. This method is also flexible in the process of setting inclusion probabilities for sampling frame elements. Using this sampling method is easy. Ina addition, analysis of data is made easier. It raises no doubts that there is some data, which is missing. The population being used in this study is hard to get, therefore, use of probability sampling ensures the people involved are available and data is taken efficiently. This is difficult to achieve in non-probability sampling, which can give biased data, improper representation of the population of study. The data collected in non-probability sampling is biased and in most cases it is less to what the researcher expected. The probability method of sampling involves some tasks such as using a simple random selection table and use of computer software in random selection of sample group. Use of these simple criteria makes this method of sampling easy to use and time saving. In contrast, non- probability sampling is time consuming and tiring. This is because sampling is done by initial thorough analysis of the population of study, which takes some time to finish. In conclusion, the research study will use probability-sampling method because it satisfies the required in this kind of study. Confidentiality: After collecting data from the sample group, the people involved need their privacy to be protected. The participants will sign a consent form, which includes the terms of how the data provided will be handled. It is important to note, most of the people in this study are respected officials in the country, and therefore, their privacy should be taken handled with much care. To implement the protection of privacy, the report from this data will not include their names. This step will protect the participants from potential physical and psychological harm. The research report will contain code numbers for the respondents instead of using names. In addition, the results, which contain respondents names will locked in safe place. By doing this, the pricy of the respondents will be safe.

A Chariot Racing Day in the Roman Times Essay - 1249 Words

A Chariot Racing Day in the Roman Times The Circus Maximus was the oldest and the largest of all the circuses where chariot races took place holding up to 250, 000 spectators. It was traditionally founded in the sixth century BC by Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome. In 329 BC, permanent starting gates were constructed and, in 174 BC, that they were rebuilt and seven large wooden eggs were set up to indicate the completion of each lap. The track was originally formed by the low ground of the valley. Inside, the track was covered with a bed of sand which sparkled with bright mineral grain. The lower seat tier was made out of marble, the second was made out of wood and the third seemed to†¦show more content†¦The Emperor had a favourite horse called Incitatus. Incitus had a marble stable, an ivory stall, purple blankets, and a jewelled collar. Horses like Incitatus must have been very lucky. Some people in the crowd looked for powerful beauty of the stallions, the richness of their accoutrements, perfection of their training and all the agility and bravery of the drivers and riders. Some people watched it because they gambled money into it. A few minorities hated chariot racing. A Roman called Pliny is one of them. He couldnt understand the appeal of the circus. Chariot races but I am not the least bit interested in that kind of entertainment. He explains his point of view by saying Theres never anything new or different. Hes amazed by the amount of people who watch it and thinks those people are childish. I am amazed that so many thousands of men time after time have such as childish desire to see horses and men driving chariots. He thinks if spectators watch the beauty and running of the horses, then that would be good but complains that isnt the case. They are only interested in the winning horse. 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Strengths And Weakness Of Writing For Nurses - 799 Words

The purpose of this paper is to promote the enhancement of one’s writing skills through recognition of various strengths and weaknesses. This heightened awareness of one’s self will promote appropriate interventions that may be warranted in order to see changes in writing proficiency. Strengths and Weakness of Writing for Nurses As a nurse, one is more experienced in documenting objective assessments and evidenced based interventions (Diehl, 2007). Registered nurses are accomplished with shorthand writing style that one may have forgotten how to analytically write. An integral skill that this nurse has utilized since undergraduate years is the ability to draft ideas prior to initiating any written pieces. Creating a rough draft allows a person to liberally compose and put thoughts into perspective. A stronger thesis is formulated by evaluating the correlation of the claims with the main point, while eliminating any unnecessary redundancies. An additional strength this nurse possesses is the ability to include affirmative data to support all assertions. Evidence that is congruent with the premise provides sound reasoning for readers to comprehend. The audience might be more susceptible to accept the author’s view point if the evidence behind it is logical (Hacker Sommers, 2015, p. 100). In addition, countering standpoints have a place in one’s writing piece. By introducing a conflicting position, this adds credibility to the argument since it shows the audience that theShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement For Nursing Leadership962 Words   |  4 Pagesissue then set goals to implement the plan. The purpose of this paper is to discuss my weaknesses and strengths to nursing, use of current leadership skills to advocate change in the workplace, and reflection on personal goal for leadership growth and development of implementation plan to reach goal. 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The Beltway Sniper Attacks free essay sample

The Beltway sniper attacks (also known as the DC sniper) began October 2, 2002, with a series of vie fatal shootings in Montgomery County, Maryland, a northern suburb of Washington, and continued for the next three weeks in the Washington metropolitan area. Police received messages left at the murder locations and believe the killer may have worked in concert with another person. The shootings occurred at gas stations, supermarkets, restaurants, and schools. The victims were selected randomly, crossing racial, gender, and socioeconomic categories.The locations of the attacks always had close freeway access. No one was safe, not even children. News reports Indicated the sniper was using a high powered rifle and adhering to the snipers reed, one shot, one kill. As the victims and body counts continued to grow, all hoped for some way to stop and apprehend the sniper. The police department tried almost everything to find the gunman. They opened up a dedicated phone line to urge anyone with information related to the sniper attacks to contact them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beltway Sniper Attacks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The police department also published tips on How to Be a Good Witness in the newspaper. The FBI worked closely with the police, supplying criminologists and psychological profiles. Customs also played an important role in the investigation, providing dedicated air support to assist the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (TAFT) and other law enforcement agencies In their efforts to identify, track, and stop the Beltway Sniper. On October 12, three Star helicopters and one Black Hawk helicopter plus crews began operations from Sterling, Va.Customs aircraft responded to all shootings that occurred after October 12 and provided regular patrols, surveillance during warrant executions, and transportation support for TAFT agents and other law enforcement personnel. On October 24, three weeks later, there was finally a break in the case. Police received a tip that the suspect car was at a rest stop in Maryland. TAFT contacted for assistance related to the arrest of the suspect. In response, a Customs Black Hawk and Star helicopter, with TAFT personnel on board, flew to the scene in Maryland and Joined the FBI in providing aerial surveillance during the arrest.After the arrest of the two suspects was completed successfully, all aviation assets were released and returned to their bases. The police departments plan Included an average of 20 flight hours per day in support of the sniper task force. This was a threat to national security because Innocent Americans were getting killed by terrorist. The terrorists goals are to make Americans afraid of vying their daily lives, and thats what happened in this case. Americans were afraid civilians not US soldiers.

COMPUTER SILUTIONS Essay Example For Students

COMPUTER SILUTIONS Essay WARSIM 2000 is simulation software, used by the armed forces. Extensive, thorough, and tiring work has been done on this program. It covers almost all aspects and situations required for realistic, meticulous and a complete simulation. Information Technology has lead to the advancement of the tools required to build the simulator. Information Technologys guidelines and technology have reinforced this General Description of Operational Capability. WARSIM 2000 will increase the effectiveness of commander and battle staff training by dramatically increasing the realism and the scope of the available training environment. In conjunction with other services simulations, WARSIM 2000 will provide a complete operational environment with scenarios drawn from the entire operational continuum to support Army, joint and coalition force training distributed across the globe. a. The WARSIM 2000 simulation system will use a computer-based simulation and associated hardware to support the training of unit commanders and their battle staffs from battalion through theater-level as well as to support training events in educational institutions. Designed and built using modern computer technology, modern software engineering techniques, and validatedalgorithms and databases, it will allow units world-wide to train using their organizational equipment. A key feature of the system will be its use of technology to minimize the total Armys overhead associated with supporting training. The system will be designed to meet emerging Simulation (DIS) standards and protocols to facilitate linkages with DIS compliant simulators and live training events. b. The WARSIM 2000 simulation system will consist of, or use, several (1) Computer-based battle simulation models that portray the joint and combined environment needed to support Army training events. (2) Software modules for linking WARSIM 2000 to other simulation models to expand the training environment for joint force training (4) Comp uter systems to run the simulation models and support (5) Technical control systems/workstations for use by personnel in an exercise support function e.g., simulation controllers, analysts, and opposing/ surrounding forces role players. We will write a custom essay on COMPUTER SILUTIONS specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (6) Flexible and responsive terrestrial/satellite communications gateways and media for transmitting voice, data, facsimile, and video between different elements at remote locations involved in supporting a c. WARSIM 2000 will meet the Mission Need Statements (MNSs) requirement for providing a training environment that will allow unit commanders and battle staffs to focus their war fighters and systems in countering threats across the operational continuum. WARSIM 2000 must provide an environment that presents problems to stress and stimulate commanders and their battle staff to assess the situation, determine courses of action, and plan and issue new orders in a timely manner, all while using their organizational equipment and procedures. d. Logistical support for WARSIM 2000 will be based on a government- owned contractor-supported system. The government will own necessary hardware, have all proprietary rights to the developmental hardware and software components, and full licens e rights to the non-developmental software components of WARSIM 2000. Contracted logistical support will provide for the maintenance of government-owned computer hardware at all e. The acquisition and development strategy for WARSIM 2000 must (1) The WARSIM 2000 acquisition must build upon the successful infrastructure of current simulations so that the training community (Army and international) can train in an evolutionary progressive yet consistent manner. The Army has invested significant resources into developing its training simulation systems, linking them with other service simulations via the Aggregate LevelSimulation Protocol confederation, and proliferating them throughout the Army and the international community. While these systems have shortcomings that must be fixed, they provide a training environment and representations of combat that have been accepted by the training community world-wide. The WARSIM 2000 acquisition must allow the confederation of simulations str ucture to evolvein a manner that allows current users (Army and international) to maintain access to the confederation without having to make a substantial near-term investment in resources. (2) Meeting the WARSIM 2000 requirements will demand significant technological innovations. However, there are many existing and developing systems that could and should be part of the overall solution. The acquisition strategy must ensure that developers optimize the investment of each service in existing systems (instead of starting from a blank sheet of paper) and insert technology into the training environment in a way that improves training. (3) Fielding of new capabilities, whether they be functional representations or technological enhancements, must be either practically transparent to the user or be accompanied by training so the user can understand and receive the benefit of the new capabilities. (4 The acquisition strategy must allow for regular user involvement in the development process. User evaluations and requirements must serve as a primary source for determining changes to 2. Threat. Rather than counter a specific threat, WARSIM will provide a training environment capable of representing threats from across the 3. Shortcomings of Existing Systems. Current simulations were designed for training corps and division staffs on command and control techniques for Army operations in mid-intensity combat. Current software is bound to proprietary operating systems and hardware. The software design, especially the underlying representation of terrain, precludes representing the detailed functionality required for resolving the high resolution interactions needed to train commanders and battle staffs at levels from battalion to operational levelcommanders in joint scenarios for war and operations other than war. .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 , .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 .postImageUrl , .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 , .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9:hover , .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9:visited , .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9:active { border:0!important; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9:active , .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9 .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4bded28886fa558c4ffd98d503bb64f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christian Coaching: Helping Others Turn Potential into Reality Essay4. Capabilities Required. WARSIM 2000 will support commander and battle staff training from battalion up to theater level. While the major simulation models of WARSIM 2000 will run on computers housed in fixed regional facilities, transportable Simulation Support Modules (SSMs) will provide support functions under the control of a senior controller at locations near the training unit. Users of the simulation will train under the guidance of a senior trainer, usually the units commander, the next higher level commander, or an instructor at institutions. WARSIM will provide users a complete training environm ent consisting of simulations, data, support functions and communications. a. System Performance. The following description of requirements for the WARSIM 2000 training environment addresses in turn each of the functional components described in paragraph 1.b. (1) The Simulation. WARSIM 2000s simulation component must have the following functional characteristics. (a) General Attributes. (i) Size. The model must be large enough to support a multi- echelon corps or theater exercise. The model must also be able to link to other copies of itself to support larger exercises. The simulation must also be able to support multiple, concurrent, smaller training exercises, such as several battalion headquarters training (ii) Weather. The simulation must accurately portray the impact that weather elements have on operations (space, air, and ground). At a minimum, the simulation must account for the following weather elements: cloud amount and height, visibility, restrictions to visibility (e.g. precipitation, fog, smoke, dust and sand), precipitation accumulation, surface wind direction andspeed, temperature, relative humidity, altimeter setting, and solar and lunar light data. These weather elements must be allowed to range from tropical to arctic regions, to vary over the geographic area of interest, and to change as often as hourly. In addition, wind direction and speed and temperature in a vertical profile up to 70,000 feet must be allowed to impact Nuclear Biological and ChemicalNBC) weapons with changes incorporated at least twice per day. (iii) Terrain. The simulation must provide a level of resolution of terrain such that tactical considerations of terrain analysis and the dynamic effects of man-made or natural occurrences (e.g. bomb craters, minefields, battle damage on roads, the obstacle effect of rivers, hydrography, and weather) as considered during Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) will affect the battle. The minimum acceptable tactical considerations include the following areas: the impact of line-of-sight (to include sonar and electromagnetic spectrum considerations of concealment, thermal, optical and radar visibility, and signal site emplacement) between potential interactors whether they be sensors or weapon systems, air, ship, or ground mounted; the ability of terrain to support the movement of personnel, vehicles and units over time, and the accurate portrayal of the location of natural and man-made obstacles. The outcomes of the simulated events must be sensitive to changes in the weath er (described above in paragraph 4.a.(1)(a)(ii)) as it affects terrain. (iv) Time. The simulation must be capable of running faster than real time to a pre-defined point in time or an event, while requiring minimal input, and providing summarized output. Users must be able to age the simulation to accommodate a training scenario that describes actions in the midst of a campaign. The senior controller must be able to have the simulation start, stop/interrupt, rollback to any specified point in scenario, restart from a given point or the initial conditions and conduct concurrent replay. The seniorcontroller must have the capability to change any attributes of the simulated entities or the game characteristics at any time. (b) Conditions and Constraints. (i) Scenarios. The goal is for the simulation to portray events that could arise from scenarios based on any point in the operational continuum. At a minimum, requirements are for scenarios for war in Europe, Southwest Asia, Southeast Asia and Korea and for operations other than war in these locations as well as Central and (ii) Fidelity. The simulation must allow commanders and battle staffs to do their tasks under the conditions and standards outlined in the Army Training and Evaluation Program Mission Training Plans (MTPs) for command groups and staff referenced in Appendix 1 to (iii) Level of Detail. The simulation must be able to portray a level of detail that captures the effects of individual entities on the battle, e.g., single weapon platform, emitter, and sensor systems. Entities that operate near each other as cohesive units can be portrayed in aggregated units from team to battalion that represent the normal mode of employment. Individual, low-density, entities that op erate in a geographically dispersed mode must be portrayed as they are employed, e.g., signal nodes, radars, jammers, missile and rocket systems, engineer obstacle systems, and individual surveillance and laser designation systems. All systems will be portrayed using performance data appropriate to the level of (iv) Reports. The simulation must provide feedback to the training unit by sending reports of simulated events. These reports must be formatted in a doctrinally correct fashion and occur in a time-appropriate banner. The reports must not reveal all of ground truth but reflect that information that the simulated unit would reasonably know given its status, time removed from the reported incident, and (v) Human Factors. The simulation must portray the effects of operations on the human condition as it relates to combat effectiveness. At a minimum, the simulation must consider unit morale and cohesion, time subject to hostile actions, availability of religious support, unit at trition rate over time, weather, and operational tempo. .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 , .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 .postImageUrl , .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 , .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10:hover , .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10:visited , .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10:active { border:0!important; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10:active , .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10 .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubcd7ffd8bbe3d253573a8053eb192d10:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Canada's Copyright Law Essay (vi) Simulated Mistakes. The simulation must cause simulated entities to make mistakes based on a predetermined level of training and a variable combat effectiveness determined by human factors . The mistakes should be of two types: mistakes in actions taken and mistakes in actions reported. Mistakes in actions taken fall along the lines of getting lost e.g., arriving at or attacking the wrong location, delivering the improper quantities of supplies, or delivering the wrong supplies. These types of mistakes will change the ground truth of the simulation. Along with reports that are accurate but incomplete, other reports will contain information that is different from ground truth. These mistakes in reporting will occur when a simulated unit makes a report to the training unit that conflicts with ground truth in the simulation. These mistaken reports will not change ground truth. The simulation must have the ability to provide the correct information if challenged for confirmation. The level of training and combat effectiveness must change over exercise time with a corresponding change in the number of mistakes. The senior trainer must have the capability to cause a simulated unit to make specific mistakes during the exercise. The senior trainer must be able to easily adjust the severity and frequency of simulated mistakes during an exercise to include being able to set the level to zero, in effect turning off the mistakes. The senior trainer and the After Action Review systems must have access to both ground truth and mistakes data. (vii) Surrounding Units. Training units, to include combat, combat support, and combat service support units that support maneuver brigades, must be able to interact with the simulation without the presence of any other units. This will require the simulation to emulate forward, flank and rear units, supported and supporting units, as well as the next higher and lower echelon units, that would normally exist on the battlefield, but are not present for the particular training event. The simulation must be able to portray dynamic scenario and event dependent intelligence and reports concerning the activities of these units as well as their requests for information and resources (viii) Multi-Level Input/Output. The simulation must be able to accommodate an exercise where different levels (division, igade, battalion) are interacting with the simulation. Each level must be able to train using the simulation by issuing only its normal orders and instructions to the simulation while recei ving only its normal reports and data from all sources. The simulation must receive and present its information in the format and level of detail appropriate to the training unit. The simulation-provided information must not always be 100 percent accurate. The information should at times contain errors that one could expect to obtain in a realistic setting. Bibliography:WARSIM 2000, The Few, The Proud, The hey theyre not there! Article #45, SIRS Encyclopedias, Applied Science, 1994.